[Clang] Add diagnostic when scoped enumeration requires an explicit conversion for binary operations (#152698)
```diff
main.cpp:4:8: error: invalid operands to binary expression ('E' and 'int')
4 | E::e + 0;
| ~~~~ ^ ~
+main.cpp:4:3: note: no implicit conversion for scoped enum; consider casting to underlying type
+ 4 | E::e + 0;
+ | ^
+ | static_cast<int>( )
```
Resolves #24265