[clang] Introduce [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(X)]] (#111499)
This implements the RFC
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-introduce-clang-lifetime-capture-by-x/81371
In this PR, we introduce `[[clang::lifetime_capture_by(X)]]` attribute
as discussed in the RFC.
As an implementation detail of this attribute, we store and use param
indices instead of raw param expressions. The parameter indices are
computed lazily at the end of function declaration since the function
decl (and therefore the subsequent parameters) are not visible yet while
parsing a parameter annotation.
In subsequent PR, we will infer this attribute for STL containers and
perform lifetime analysis to detect dangling cases.