[LinkerWrapper] Fix a bunch of minor issues and typos (#183679)
Summary:
A bunch of small issues found through linting and LLM checking.
- Broken sort comparator that violated strict weak ordering (UB)
- SearchLibrary corrupting .lib filenames via erroneous drop_front()
- Hardcoded x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu host triple in AMDGPU fatbinary
- OffloadFile loop variable shadowing its own type, causing std::move on
the type rather than the variable
- GetDeviceInput calling exit() directly instead of returning Error
- Redundant double-wrapping of DerivedArgList
- Various typo and style fixes