[mlir][mlir-vulkan-runner] Move part of device pass pipeline to mlir-opt (#119372)
Adds a new mlir-opt test-only pass, -test-vulkan-runner-pipeline, which
runs a set of passes needed for mlir-vulkan-runner, and removes them
from the runner. The tests are changed to invoke mlir-opt with this flag
before invoking the runner. The passes moved are ones concerned with
lowering of the device code prior to serialization to SPIR-V. This is an
incremental step towards moving the entire pipeline to mlir-opt, to
align with other runners (see #73457).