[Clang] [NFC] Introduce a helper for emitting compatibility diagnostics (#132348)
This is a follow-up to #132129.
Currently, only `Parser` and `SemaBase` get a `DiagCompat()` helper; I’m
planning to keep refactoring compatibility warnings and add more helpers
to other classes as needed. I also refactored a single parser compat
warning just to make sure everything works properly when diagnostics
across multiple components (i.e. Sema and Parser in this case) are
involved.