[clang][Lex] Fix crash on pragma annotations in preprocessor expressions (#232413)
Reject annotation tokens before accessing `IdentifierInfo`, emitting the
existing invalid-token diagnostic instead of asserting.
```cpp
#define M _Pragma("pack(push, 1)")
#if (0 + M 1)
#endif
```
https://godbolt.org/z/sqjs9nPrj
Assisted by Codex.
---------
Signed-off-by: yronglin <yronglin777@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ambrose Leeb <aeternalmail@gmail.com>