[MLIR] Fix walk() after PostOrderTraversal change (#191357)
make_early_inc_range doesn't keep the range alive, only the iterators.
This breaks with the recent PostOrderTraversal change, which no longer
stores the state in the iterators. Store the range in a variable to keep
it alive for the entire loop.
Fixup of #191047 / 691a130e0f14459d9358a71ffd52a01295e6200a.