[libc++] Fix `gps_time` formatting and related tests (#181560)
- The Standard wording in https://eel.is/c++draft/time.format#13 is similar
to TAI formatting in that it's equivalent to formatting a `sys_time`
with a fixed offset. Leap seconds should not be considered.
- Tests need to be adjusted by adding the number of leap seconds between
the GPS epoch and the tested date, which is 15s for 2010 and 18s for
2019.
- The TAI and GPS tests using `meow_time<cr::duration<long, ...>>`
should use `long long` because the offset swill overflow a 32-bit
signed integer.