[clang][codegen] Fix possible crash when setting TBAA metadata on FP math libcalls (#108575)
There's currently no code path that can reach this crash, but:
```
Instruction *Inst = cast<llvm::Instruction>(Call.getScalarVal());
```
fails if the call returns `void`. This could happen if a builtin for
something like `void sincos(double, double*, double*)` is added to
clang.
Instead, use the `llvm::CallBase` returned from `EmitCall()` to set the
TBAA metadata, which should exist no matter the return type.