[WebAssembly] Define llvm-internal WasmEH tags in compiler-rt (#160959)
The `__c_longjmp` and `__cpp_exceptions` tags are used internally by
llvm to implement setjmp/longjmp and C++ exception handling
respectively.
These symbols were previously defined weakly in each object file but
were recently converted to external references in #159143. They now need
to be defined somewhere in the runtime libraries. I think compiler-rt is
likely the most sensible place for them.