[NFC][asan] Try to deflake asan_lsan_deadlock test (#137718)
10s looks not enough. With highly parallel test
execution on VMs it's very possible that Asan
report will have no enough time to produce output.
I can reproduce locally 1s is not always enough,
but likely my workstation is faster then buildbot.
Additionally, don't use puts/CHECK to validate
timeout. We can exit with 0 and it should violate
"not" expectation.
Follow up to #131756.