[libc][bazel] Allow building with -DLIBC_FULL_BUILD (#218992)
This PR defines a flag `--@llvm-project//libc:build_mode` that
configures LLVM-libc to build with full-build flags. This is only
compatible with clang at the moment, since it relies on the
`-nostdlibinc` flag.
This PR contains the logic for LLVM-libc full build in Bazel. A largely
AI generated follow-on PR has `libc/BUILD.bazel` changes for building
libc targets in full-build mode:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/218993.