[libc++][ranges] LWG3610: `iota_view::size` sometimes rejects integer-class types (#155169)
Fixes #104948
# References
- https://wg21.link/range.iota.view
- https://wg21.link/range.iota.view#17
- https://wg21.link/LWG3610
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Co-authored-by: A. Jiang <de34@live.cn>