[AArch64] Add error handling for unsupported bases in lowerConstantPtrAuth (#189474)
This is part of work being done in #188378 and #188638, split out from
#188650.
`lowerConstantPtrAuth` silently miscompiled `ConstantPtrAuth` constants
with non-`GlobalValue` pointer bases — emitting `0@AUTH(da,0)` instead
of erroring.
Changes:
- Handle `ConstantPointerNull` bases explicitly
- Error via `reportFatalUsageError` on any remaining unresolved base
(e.g. nested ptrauth) instead of silently miscompiling
This PR was mostly developed with LLM assistance