[OpenMP] Convert AST dump tests for `variant` clause into codegen tests (#204581)
This is another spin-off of #200077 and a complimentary PR to #204493.
Johannes suggested that AST dump tests for the `variant` clause can be
turned into rather short codegen tests that check for the mangled name
of the selected function. This PR implements that.
When #204413 gets fixed, those tests can be further reduced to only use
`-verify`.