[ValueTracking] Add `matchSimpleBinaryIntrinsicRecurrence` helper
Similarly to what it is being done to match simple recurrence cycle
relations, attempt to match value-accumulating recurrences of kind:
```
%umax.acc = phi i8 [ %umax, %backedge ], [ %a, %entry ]
%umax = call i8 @llvm.umax.i8(i8 %umax.acc, i8 %b)
```
Preliminary work to let InstCombine avoid folding such recurrences,
so that simple loop-invariant computation may get hoisted. Minor
opportunity to refactor out code as well.