[libcxx] [test] Fix odr_signature tests with optimizations enabled (#144317)
If optimization is enabled, the inline `f()` function actually gets
inlined, meaning that the functions `tu1()` and `tu2()` trivially return
1 and 2, instead of actually referencing the potentially linker
deduplicated function `f()`, which is what the test tries to test.
Therefore, this test previously actually failed to test what it was
supposed to test, if optimization was enabled.
Mark the inline functions with `TEST_NOINLINE` to make sure that they
don't get inlined even with optimizations enabled.
Also update the TODO comments to explain why we have an XFAIL for msvc
mode here.
This avoids these tests unexpectedly passing if building in msvc mode,
with optimizations enabled
(`-DLIBCXX_TEST_PARAMS="optimization=speed"`).