[mlir][SPRIV][NFC] Avoid rollback in `TypeCastingOpPattern` (#136284)
This pattern used to create an op and then attached the converted
rounding mode attribute. When the latter failed, the pattern aborted and
a rollback was triggered.
This commit inverses the logic: the converted rounding mode is computed
first, so that no changes have to be rolled back.
Note: This is in preparation of the One-Shot Dialect Conversion
refactoring.