[libc++] Add visibility annotations to the std namespace with GCC (#133233)
This allows us to remove the need for `_LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS` and fixes a
bunch of missing annotations for RTTI when used across dylib boundaries.
`_LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS` itself will be removed in a separate patch, since
it touches a lot of code.
This patch is a no-op for Clang. Only GCC is affected.