[libc] Update riscv entrypoints to be on par with x86 (#138597)
This patch updates the riscv entrypoints with almost all functions that
are currently supported on x86. I left six functions commented, as I'll
send separate PRs to enable them:
* poll: needs a new syscall implementation
* utimes: needs a new syscall implementation
* setitimer: test never finished in rv32
* getitimer: test fails in rv32
* exp10m1f: test case doesn't build but it's an easy fix
* sqrtulk: needs to be implemented
I also added the 16-bit fp functions, however, they are not enabled due
to a cmake check in float16-macros.h. To enable 16-bit fp in riscv, we
need to update the buildbots with a clang version that includes the fix
from commit PR #119481