[mlir][bytecode] Add support for deferred attribute/type parsing (#172901)
Add ability to defer parsing and re-enqueueing oneself. This enables
changing CallSiteLoc parsing to not recurse as deeply: previously this
could fail (especially on large inputs in debug mode the recursion could
overflow). Add a default depth cutoff, this could be a parameter later
if needed.
Roll-forward of #170993 with relatively direct change such that if
processing while not resolving/when parsing property it eagerly
resolves.