[flang][volatile] Get volatility of designators from base instead of component symbol (#138611)
The standard says in [8.5.20 VOLATILE attribute]:
If an object has the VOLATILE attribute, then all of its sub-objects
also have the VOLATILE attribute.
This code takes this into account and uses the volatility of the base of
the designator instead of that of the component. In fact, fields in a
structure are not allowed to have the volatile attribute. So given the
code, `A%B => t`, symbol `B` could never directly have the volatile
attribute, and the volatility of `A` indicates the volatility of `B`.
This PR should address [the
comments](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/132486#issuecomment-2851313119)
on this PR #132486