[libcxx] Define `_LIBCPP_HAS_C8RTOMB_MBRTOC8` to true if compiling with clang (#152724)
Define `_LIBCPP_HAS_C8RTOMB_MBRTOC8` to `1` if compiling with clang.
Some tests involving functionality from `uchar.h`/`cuchar` fail when the
platform or the supporting C library does not provide support for the
corresponding features. These have been xfailed.
This patch will enable the adoption of newer picolibc versions.