[mlir][Transforms][NFC] Dialect conversion: Cache `UnresolvedMaterializationRewrite` (#108359)
The dialect conversion maintains a set of unresolved materializations
(`UnrealizedConversionCastOp`). Turn that set into a `DenseMap` that
maps from ops to `UnresolvedMaterializationRewrite *`. This improves
efficiency a bit, because an iteration over
`ConversionPatternRewriterImpl::rewrites` can be avoided.
Also delete some dead code.