[libc++abi] Define `__cxa_thread_atexit` on platforms that need it (#186054)
Commit 3c100d5d548d removed the definition of __cxa_thread_atexit from
all platforms except Fuchsia and Linux. This broke the use of
`thread_local` variables with destructors on other downstream
configurations that needed the definition.
This patch restores __cxa_thread_atexit on (presumably) all platforms
that need it.
Co-authored-by: Louis Dionne <ldionne.2@gmail.com>