[LV] NFC: Move PHI/result update out of transformToPartialReduction. (#228436)
That lets `transformToPartialReduction` focus on just creating a partial
reduction expression for each link in the chain, whereas
`createPartialReductions` updates the PHI and ReductionResult to
complete the work for the chain. It removes the need to know that the
partial reduction is part of a 'chain' in `transformToPartialReduction`.
I'll rebase this with the better terminology after #222377 gets merged.