[InstCombine] Generalize trunc-shift-icmp fold from (1 << Y) to (Pow2 << Y) (#169163)
Extends the `icmp(trunc(shl))` fold to handle any power of 2 constant as
the shift base, not just 1. This generalizes the following patterns by
adjusting the comparison offsets by `log2(Pow2)`.
```llvm
(trunc (1 << Y) to iN) == 0 --> Y u>= N
(trunc (1 << Y) to iN) != 0 --> Y u< N
(trunc (1 << Y) to iN) == 2**C --> Y == C
(trunc (1 << Y) to iN) != 2**C --> Y != C
; to
(trunc (Pow2 << Y) to iN) == 0 --> Y u>= N - log2(Pow2)
(trunc (Pow2 << Y) to iN) != 0 --> Y u< N - log2(Pow2)
(trunc (Pow2 << Y) to iN) == 2**C --> Y == C - log2(Pow2)
(trunc (Pow2 << Y) to iN) != 2**C --> Y != C - log2(Pow2)
```
Proof: https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/2zwTkp