[clang][analysis][dataflow] Detect goto backedges to trigger Widen (#179546)
Currently, the Clang Dataflow Framework only does Widen on backedges
from structured loops.
Missing some Widen calls (e.g., when there are backedges from gotos)
could cause some analyses to iterate ~forever (until the max visits
limit is hit).
This adds a simple search for backedges, and triggers Widen on the
additional backedge nodes. Fixes [issue 179083.
](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/179083)