[MLIR] Fix gpu.launch attribution argument printing (#161408)
This was broken and never tested.
Not only this could crash for stack-use-after-scope, but it also would
have printed something like:
```
value <block argument> of type 'memref<7x8xf64, #gpu.address_space<workgroup>>' at index: 12
```
insted of the SSA value.
It turns out the gpu.func already have a very similar helper that we can
reuse here.
Fixes #161394