[ARM] Fix undefined behavior in `isLegalAddImmediate` (#132219)
Building clang under UBsan, it reported an integer overflow in this
function when the input value was -2^63, because it's UB to pass the
maximum negative value of an integer type to `std::abs`.
Fixed by adding a new absolute-value function in `MathExtras.h` whose
return type is the unsigned version of the argument type, and using that
instead.
(This seems like the kind of thing C++ should have already had, but
apparently it doesn't, and I couldn't find an existing one in LLVM
Support either.)