[mlir][SPIRV] Move getDecorationString to SPIRVEnums utilities (NFC). (#174222)
Moves the getDecorationString() helper from the conversion layer's
SPIRVCommon/Pattern.h to the public SPIRVEnums.h header. This makes the
utility accessible to both the SPIRV dialect and conversion layers,
following proper architectural layering.
This continues the refactoring started in #174145.