fix: replace 35 bare except clauses with except Exception (#7873)
## What
Replace 35 bare `except:` clauses with `except Exception:`.
## Why
Bare `except:` catches `BaseException`, including `KeyboardInterrupt`
and `SystemExit`, which can prevent clean process shutdown and mask
critical errors. Using `except Exception:` catches all application-level
errors while allowing system-level exceptions to propagate correctly.
Co-authored-by: haosenwang1018 <haosenwang1018@users.noreply.github.com>