Add regression test for quantize_static with in-memory ModelProto (#23268) (#28201)
### Description
Adds a regression test covering the bug reported in #23268 and fixed in
#23322.
Before #23322, calling `quantize_static()` with an in-memory
`ModelProto` whose weights were large enough (>= 1024 bytes) to trigger
ONNX's external-data serialization would mutate the caller's
`ModelProto` inside `save_and_reload_model_with_shape_infer` (via
`onnx.save_model(..., save_as_external_data=True)`), clearing `raw_data`
and pointing the tensor at a temp-directory path that was then deleted.
Subsequent calibration would load the now-invalid proto and raise
`onnx.onnx_cpp2py_export.checker.ValidationError`.
PR #23322 addressed the issue by wrapping the input proto in
`copy.deepcopy` inside `save_and_reload_model_with_shape_infer`, but no
regression test was added. This PR adds that test.
### Motivation and Context
Fixes #23268 (adds the missing regression test for the original bug).
### Changes
- `onnxruntime/test/python/quantization/test_quant_issues.py` — adds
`test_issue_23268_quantize_static_modelproto_no_validation_error` to
`TestQuantIssues`. The test builds an in-memory Add model with a 32x32
float32 initializer (4096 bytes, above the 1024-byte external-data
threshold), runs `quantize_static` against it with an inline minimal
calibration reader, and asserts the call completes without raising and
produces a quantized output file.
No production code changes.
### Test Plan
```
python -m pytest onnxruntime/test/python/quantization/test_quant_issues.py -v
```
Both tests pass locally (`test_minimal_model` and the new
`test_issue_23268_quantize_static_modelproto_no_validation_error`) in
~0.6s. `lintrunner -a` is clean.