[EP ABI] Add OrtKernelInfo APIs for kernel-based plugin EPs (#26803)
### Description
Adds new `OrtKernelInfo` APIs to enable plugin EP kernel implementations
to retrieve operator metadata and access the parent EP instance.
- Added four new KernelInfo APIs: `KernelInfo_GetOperatorDomain()`,
`KernelInfo_GetOperatorType()`, `KernelInfo_GetOperatorSinceVersion()`,
and `KernelInfo_GetEp()`
- Extended example plugin EP to demonstrate accessing EP configuration
from kernel implementations.
### Motivation and Context
<!-- - Why is this change required? What problem does it solve?
- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here. -->
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Co-authored-by: Edward Chen <18449977+edgchen1@users.noreply.github.com>