[webgpu] Fix the check of `ValidateVariableDataType()` with Split-K (#26725)
### Description
This patch adds the support of `float16x4` and `float32x4` in
`ValidateVariableDataType()` as we may declare them as atomic variables
when Split-K is used.
### Motivation and Context
Previously we failed to discover this issue because
`ValidateVariableDataType()` is only used in the Debug build.