Update the compile flags for vcpkg packages (#23455)
### Description
This PR updates the triplets files that manage the compile flags for
vcpkg packages.
All the changes are autogenerated except for the gen.py file in this PR.
Main changes:
1. Enable debug info for all Linux build config(Release and Debug)
2. Set CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD in each triplet. The value is set to 20 for
macOS targets and 17 for the others.
3. Only set _FORTIFY_SOURCE in release build. This is to address a build
issue on some platforms with the following glibc change:
"Warn if user requests __FORTIFY_SOURCE but it is disabled"
https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;f=include/features.h;h=05c2c9618f583ea4acd69b3fe5ae2a2922dd2ddc
### Motivation and Context
Address a Linux build error.
