Cherry-picks to the release branch (#16017)
### Description
Cherry-picks 26 commits to the release branch.
Most cherry-picks are clean merges. Except:
1. When I got conflicts in cgmanifest.json and download-deps.yml, I
choose to ignore the conflicts and regenerate the two files
2. There were some conflicts in cmake/deps.txt, onnxruntime_c_api.cc
PR list:
[js/webgpu] fix Transpose with non-float tensor (#15819)
[js/web] fix terser reserved symbols for worker (#15864)
[JSEP] fix constructor for OrtDevice (#15805)
Bump engine.io from 6.4.1 to 6.4.2 in /js/web (#15799)
Bump engine.io from 6.4.0 to 6.4.2 in /onnxruntime/test/wasm (#15798)
[wasm] revert emsdk to v3.1.19 (#15793)
[wasm/JSEP] add threaded build to artifacts (#15777)
[js/web] add target ort.webgpu.min.js (#15780)
update ort extensions to 94142d8391c9791ec71c38336436319a2d4ac7a0 (#15688)
fix: setting builder optimization level to TRT 8.6 default (#15897)
Adust GetVersionString() GetBuildInfoString() signatures and move them to OrtApi (#15921)
Fix segfault for multiple GPU run (regression) (#15823)
android package fix (#15999)
[CoreML EP] Minor changes to allow CoreML EP to handle more nodes and models. (#15993)
Adding support for conv fp16 fusion on Resnet50v1 (#15474)
update onnx release 1.14 for docker files (#15680)
Avoid generating training documentation during packaging (#15795)
Update Conv-Add-Relu Fusion Transformation (#15834)
Fix symbolic shape infer empty value_info (#15842)
NhwcFusedConv: Add before Activation (#15837)
use __hmul2 instead of __hmul2_rn (#15852)
change the EP device to default OrtDevice() for memoryType equals CPU Input (#15903)
Fixing NhwcFusedConv fp16 (#15950)
fix topo sort in quantization tool (#16003)
[doc] add LeakyRelu to coreml supported ops (#15944)
[DML EP] Add frequent upload heap flushing (#15960)
Co-authored-by: Yulong Wang
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot]
Co-authored-by: Guenther Schmuelling
Co-authored-by: Shalva Mist
Co-authored-by: Maximilian Müller
Co-authored-by: Dmitri Smirnov
Co-authored-by: pengwa
Co-authored-by: Ashwini Khade
Co-authored-by: Edward Chen
Co-authored-by: Jian Chen
Co-authored-by: liqun Fu
Co-authored-by: Baiju Meswani
Co-authored-by: Tianlei Wu
Co-authored-by: Chen Fu
Co-authored-by: Ye Wang
Co-authored-by: cao lei
Co-authored-by: Yufeng Li
Co-authored-by: Rachel Guo
Co-authored-by: Patrice Vignola
