[js/web] use esbuild to accelerate bundle build (#17745)
### Description
Use esbuild to accelerate bundle build.
This change uses esbuild to replace webpack for onnxruntime-web. Bundle
build time reduced from ~20sec to ~0.6sec on my windows dev box.
A few changes applied:
- import nodejs modules using "node:" prefix
- remove enum declaration inside namespace (EncoderUsage)
- use "fs/promise" to replace the old promisify from "util"
- separate ort-web and test-runner. Previously they are bundled
together, now they are built into 2 files.
- optimize karma runner launch time
- remove unnecessary sourcemap preprocessor. sourcemaps are handled
inside esbuild
- remove unnecessary proxies (because ort-web and test-runner are
separated now, the path are correctly inferred)
- remove file watcher for test data
- optimize special handling as esbuild plugins:
- polyfill dummy imports for node.js modules when targetting browser.
- load as content string for ort-wasm-*.worker.js
- load as content string for ./proxy-worker/main.ts
- a source patch to ort-wasm*-threaded*.js (see details in comments in
code)
- updated debug configurations for sourcemap mapping to ensure
out-of-box good dev experience
