[webgpu][dawn API optimization] reduce number of calls to wgpuDeviceHasFeature (#24281)
### Description
This PR is one of a series of changes for optimization of Dawn API
usage. Currently, the WebGPU EP has some suboptimal code paths that
result in unnecessary Dawn API calls. Reducing the number of calls to
those API will help improve the performance of the WebGPU EP, especially
on WebAssembly.
This PR optimizes the usage of `wgpuDeviceHasFeature`.