Cherry pick telemetry changes from win-onnxruntime (#24957)
### Description
This change cherry-picks telemetry changes from win-onnxruntime to
improve telemetry data collection for ONNX Runtime on Windows.
### Motivation and Context
These changes are already present in win-onnxruntime, so cherry-picking
these changes here for Windows use cases that rely on public ONNX
Runtime.
