Enable Web CI on Linux (#16419)
### Description
1. Enable Web ci on Linux
### Motivation and Context
1. speed up web ci, the duration can be reduced from 160 minutes to 130
minutes, a time saving of 20% could be be achieved.
The total computation time is 455 minutes now. Moved to Linux, it could
be reduced to 336 minutes.
2. It's the first step to enable compilation cache for emscripten
3. per Yulong's request, build_web stages are still using windows pool
https://dev.azure.com/onnxruntime/onnxruntime/_build/results?buildId=1038382&view=results
