[WebGPU] Fix Pow scalar operands in vectorized broadcasting (#33348)
### Description
Pow can load a scalar operand in its vectorized broadcast path,
including base [3,2,64,64] with exponent [1,1,1,1], then pass it to the
vec4-only pow_v helper. Convert each argument to vec4 of its own element
type so scalar loads broadcast correctly and mixed base/exponent types
are preserved.
Add six WebGPU regressions covering the reported shape, broadcast in
both directions, row-wise mixed float/int32, and FP16, each with dynamic
and initializer exponents and CPU fallback disabled.
Validation on Windows x64 / native WebGPU / D3D12:
- All six new tests fail before the fix and pass afterward: 12 confirmed
GPU executions, zero skips.
- Existing Pow tests: 18 reported passes, zero GTest skips; 11 GPU
executions. Six double/int64 cases are CPU-only, and one generic FP16
helper is inactive without CUDA/CoreML.
- Fresh and incremental builds, changed-line clang-format, and git diff
--check passed.
Metal and browser/Wasm were not tested.
### Motivation and Context
Fixes #32842.