[EP API] extract common code for EP API adapter (#26879)
### Description
This PR generalizes the class `OpKernelInfo` and `OpKernelContext` using
template so that the code is able to be used on a different type, which
helps for future changes that supports migration of WebGPU EP and CUDA
EP to the EP API implementation.
Currently only applies to base classes that is reused by WebGPU EP.
