update cmake and python version used in docker (#24571)
### Description
Changes the base image used in
[Dockerfile.source](https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/blob/main/dockerfiles/Dockerfile.source)
from cbl-mariner to azurelinux.
### Motivation and Context
The cbl-mariner image has an unsupported version of cmake and python.
azurelinux has new enough versions of cmake and python.
fixes microsoft/onnxruntime#24521, fixes microsoft/onnxruntime#24572
"azurelinux" is the new name for "cbl-mariner" so presumably that image
will not receive further updates.
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Co-authored-by: Joey <vatlark_form@proton.me>
