Update ORT_API_VERSION to 24 (#26418)
### Description
- Updates the `ORT_API_VERSION` value in onnxruntime_c_api.h to `24`.
- Edit documentation for the `TensorTypeAndShape_HasShape` API function
to indicate the correct API version (1.24).
- Adds `static_assert` to ensure that API functions for 1.23 are not
added or removed.
### Motivation and Context
The version of ORT was previously updated to 1.24.0 but we forgot to
update `ORT_API_VERSION`.
