Update ScatterElements to Support Opset 13, 15, 18 (#19198)
`ScatterElements` in opset 18 has been around for a while. However, the
highest opset supporting `ScatterElements` in ORT is 13. This PR
implement this op in CUDA EP by replacing `assignment` in the current
CDUA kernel with `atomic reduction` (e.g., atomic add, atomic max). A
series of fundamental atomic functions (e.g., atomic max for int8_t and
half) are implemented in `common.cuh`; the implementation is general
enough to cover old CUDA and new CUDA versions.
- The core changes are in `cuda/atomic/common.cuh` with very detailed
documentation including `bit-wise operation's visualization`. They are
also copied to `rocm/atomic/common.cuh` to support AMD GPU.
- `/cuda/tensor/gather_elements_impl.cu` contains small changes to call
the new atomic functions to support new `reduction` behavior in new
`ScatterElements`.
- New `ScatterElements` are defined in `rocm_execution_provider.cc` and
`cuda_execution_provider.cc`.
