gh-35053: Added kth roots to Permutation
### 📚 Description
Added 3 functions that deal with k-th roots of permutations:
1) Permutation.kth_roots(k) compute a iterator of over all k-th roots of
self.
2) Permutation.has_kth_root(k) determines if self has a k-th root (or
several).
3) Permutation.number_of_kth_roots(k) returns the number of k-th roots
of self.
Added integer_partition_with_given_parts(n, parts) in partition.py (for
use in k-th roots computations):
it creates a iterator over all partitions of n which parts are in the
variable parts.
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URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/35053
Reported by: GermainPoullot
Reviewer(s): Frédéric Chapoton, GermainPoullot, Martin Rubey, Travis Scrimshaw, Vincent Delecroix
