gh-35986: Use conda-lock for reproducible conda env
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The conda workflow is broken since a few months due to various issues
that arise from some packages being updated in conda-forge and sage not
being quite compatible with the new version. For example, currently it
fails as Cython 3.0.3 is used.
To prevent such issues happening in the feature, we use [conda-
lock](https://conda.github.io/conda-lock/) to create a lock file for
each os + python combination, from which one can then create a
reproducible conda env. These lock files are created using commands of
the form:
```bash
conda-lock --channel conda-forge --kind env --platform linux-64
--platform osx-64 --file ./src/environment-dev-3.10.yml --filename-
template "src/environment-dev-3.10-{platform}"
```
Follow-up: Add a github workflow that updates these lock files
automatically, similar to:
- https://github.com/ibis-
project/ibis/blob/master/.github/workflows/conda-lock.yml
- https://github.com/svopper/munaiah-
analyser/blob/main/out/SciTools/iris/.github_workflows_refresh-
lockfiles.yml
- https://github.com/chipsalliance/fpga-interchange-
tests/blob/main/.github/workflows/update_conda_lock.yml
- https://github.com/ESMValGroup/ESMValTool/blob/main/.github/workflows/
create-condalock-file.yml
### :memo: Checklist
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### :hourglass: Dependencies
- https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/36405: to get env files for each
python version
- #36767
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URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/35986
Reported by: Tobias Diez
Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik, Isuru Fernando, Matthias Köppe, Tobias Diez
