gh-36456: implement .interpolation() method for ProductTree
The `ProductTree` class has a `.remainders()` method which can, among
other things, be used to implement the Fast Fourier Transform. In this
patch we add a corresponding `.interpolation()` method, which can, among
other things, be used to implement the *inverse* Fast Fourier Transform.
Its functionality is equivalent to `CRT_list()`, but caching the
product-tree structure makes it significantly faster for repeated
invocations.
URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/36456
Reported by: Lorenz Panny
Reviewer(s): Kwankyu Lee