gh-35325: Correct NTL calls when computing modular powers of GF(2) polynomials
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### 📚 Description
The NTL PowerMod API requires that the base argument has smaller degree
than the modulus.
Also enable the dedicated API for x^e mod f.
Fixes #35324
### 📝 Checklist
- [x] I have made sure that the title is self-explanatory and the
description concisely explains the PR.
- [x] I have linked an issue or discussion.
- [x] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation accordingly.
URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/35325
Reported by: Rémy Oudompheng
Reviewer(s): Rémy Oudompheng, Vincent Delecroix
